Photinus courtesy of Don Salvatore

References

Cratsley, C. K. and S.M. Lewis. 2005. Seasonal variation in late choice of Photinus ignitus fireflies. Ethology 111: 89-100.

Debbie, H. 2013. Life cycle of fireflies and lightning bugs. About.com Insects. Retrieved from http://insects.about.com/od/beetles/p/Life-Cycle-Of-Fireflies-And-Lightning-Bugs.htm 
 
Eisner, T., D.F. Wiemer, L.W. Haynes and J. Meinwald. 1978. Lucibufagins: Defensive steroids from the fireflies Photinus ignitus and P. marginellus (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 75: 905-908.

Lewis, S.M. and C.K. Cratsley. 2008. Flash signal evolution, mate choice, and predation in fireflies. Annual Review of Entomology 53: 293-321.

Cratsley, C.K. 2004. Flash signals, nuptial gifts and female preference in Photinus fireflies. Oxford Journals 44: 238-241.

Branham, M.A. and J.W. Wenzel. 2002. The origin of photic behavior and the evolution of sexual communication in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Science Direct 19: 1-22.

Lloyd J.E. 2005. Fireflies (Coleoptera:lampyridae). Encyclopedia of Entomology 1:841-862.

Firefly 2013. http://www.firefly.org/ Accessed 3 November.

Animal Diversity Web (ADW) 2013. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/Accessed 3 November 2013.

Museum of Science 2013. http://legacy.mos.org/ Accessed 21 November 2013.

Zielinski, S. 2013. 14 Fun Facts About Fireflies. Surprising Science. Retrieved from http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2012/06/14-fun-facts-about-fireflies/


The Free Dictionary 2013. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Coleoptera Accessed 23 November 2013. 

Merriam-Webster 2013.  http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lampyridae Accessed 23 November 2013.

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