References

Bertone, M., W. Watson, M. Stringham, J. Green, S. Washburn, M. Poore, and M. Hucks.  2006.  Dung beetles of central and eastern North Carolina cattle pastures.  <URL:                                                                     http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/entomology/guidetoncdungbeetles.pdf>.  Accessed 6 November 2013.                           

Blume, R. and A. Aga. 1978. Observations on ecological and phylogenetic relationships of Phanaeus difformis leconte and Phanaeus vindex macleay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in North America. The Southwestern Entomologist 3: 113-120.                                                                                                                                                               

Campbell et al. 2008. Biology. Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, California, USA                                            

Choate, P.M. 1999. Introduction to the identification of beetles (Coleoptera). Dichotomous keys to some families of Florida Coleoptera 23.                                                                                                                                   

Crowson, R.A. 1956. Coleoptera: introduction and keys to families. Handbooks for the identification of British insects 4: 1-65.                                                                                                                                                           

Edmonds, W.D. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus macleay , a new world genus of Scarabaeidae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeidae). Contributions in Science 443: 3-99.                                                                        

Emlen, D.J. 2000.  Integrating development with evolution: a case study with beetle horns.  BioScience 50:403-418.

Fincher, G.T., T.B. Stewart, and R. Davis.  1969.  Beetle intermediate hosts for swine spirurids in southern Georgia.  The Journal of Parasitology 55:355-358.

Price, D.L. 2005.  Descriptions of the male and female genitalia of Phanaeus (Macleay) (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): the vindex species group.  The Coleopterists Bulletin 59:197-203.                                                                           

Price, D.L.  2007.  A phylogenetic analysis of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) based on morphological data.  Insect Systematics and Evolution 38:1-18.                                                                               

Price, D.L.  2009.  Phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).  Systematic Entomology 34:137-150.

Price, D.L. and M.L. May.  2009.  Behavioral ecology of Phanaeus dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): review and new observations.  Acta Zoológica Mexicana 25:211-238.                                                                                       

Roble, S. 2011. Two austral dung beetles new to the Virginia Fauna (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Banisteria 37:30-33.

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