References

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Breene, R. G., & Sweet, M. H. (1985). Evidence of insemination of multiple females by the male black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology, 331-335.

Buskirk, R. E., Frohlich, C., & Ross, K. G. (1984). The natural selection of sexual cannibalism. American Naturalist, 612-625.

d'Amour, F. E., Becker, F. E., & Van Riper, W. (1936). The black widow spider.The Quarterly Review of Biology, 11(2), 123-160.

Forster, LM (1992) . The Stereotyped Behavior of Sexual Cannibalism in Latrodectus-Hasselti Thorell (Araneae, Theridiidae), the Australian Redback Spider. Australian Journal of Zoology 40 , 1–11. 

Jones, C, Vail, K.M., & Williams, H. (1998). The black widow spider. Agricultural Extension Service, 1-12.

Keegan, H. L. (1955). Spiders of genus Latrodectus. American Midland Naturalist, 54(1), 142-152.

Kirby-Smith, H. T. (1942). Black widow spider bite. Annals of Surgery, 115(2), 249.

McCorkle, M. 2002. Animal diversity web. <URL:http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lactrodectus_mactans/>. Accessed 6 April 2013.

Ross, K., & Smith, R. L. (1979). Aspects of the courtship behavior of the black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus (Araneae: Theridiidae), with evidence for the existence of a contact sex pheromone. Journal of arachnology, 69-77.

Shulov, A., & Weissman, A. (1959). Notes on the life habits and potency of the venom of the three Latrodectus spider species of Israel. Ecology, 40(3), 515-518.

Thorp, R.W., & Woodson, W.D. 1976. The black widow spider. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, New York, USA.

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