References

Books and Journals

Krasnoff, S.B. and Roelofs, W.L. 2008. Evolutionary trends in the male pheromone systems of
     arctiid moths: evidence from studies of courtship in Phragmatobia fuliginosa and Pyrrharctia
     isabella (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 99:319-338.

Kuharsky, D. and Layne, J. 2000. Triggering of cryoprotectant synthesis in the woolly bear
     caterpillar (Pyrrharctia isabella Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Journal of Experimental Zoology
     286:67-371.

Layne, J.R., C.L. Edgar, and R.E. Medwith. 1999. Cold Hardiness of the Woolly Bear Caterpillar
      (Pyrrharctia isabella Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). American Midland Naturalist 141: 293-304.

Marshall. KE. And Sinclair, BJ. 2011. The sub-lethal effects of repeated freezing in the woolly
      bear caterpillar Pyrrharctia isabella. The Journal of Experimental Biology 214:1205-1212.

Singer, M. 2003. Determinants of polyphagy by a woolly bear caterpillar: a test of the
      physiological efficiency hypothesis. Oikos 93:194-204.

Online Sources

Almanac 2013. <www.almanac.com/content/predicting-winter-weather-woolly-bear-
     caterpillars>. Accessed 8 April 2013.

Bold Systems 2012. <www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=14791>.
     Accessed 9 April 2013.

Bug Guide 2013. <bugguide.net/node/view/539>. Accessed 29 March 2013.

Encyclopedia of Life 2013. <eol.org/pages/863046/details#overview>. Accessed 6 April 2013.

National Geographic 2009. <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090313-self-
     medicating-caterpillars.html?source=rss>. Accessed 8 April 2010.

Ohio Department of Natural Resources.  
     <http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/kidsthings/sept05/tabid/543/default.aspx/>. Accessed 30
     March 2013.

 

 

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