Classification

Domain: Eukarya

            Kingdom: Animalia

                        Phylum: Chordata

                                    Class: Mammalia

                                                Order: Rodentia

                                                            Family: Muridae

                                                                        Genus: Rattus

                                                                                    Species: R. norvegicus

Domain: Eukarya

·        All the organisms that have cells containing true nuclei.  This domain includes many groups of single-celled organisms as well as multicellular plants, fungi and animals. [2]

Kingdom: Animalia 

·         Organisms are heterotrophs meaning they eat other organisms or by eating non living organic material.  They are motile, lack cell walls,  and most reproduce sexually. [2]

Phylum: Chordata

·         They have bilateral symmetry and considered to be deuterostomes.  Chordates have a notochord; a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharynx geal slits or clefts; and a muscular, post-anal tail at some point throughout development. [2]

Class: Mammalia

·         Mammals have a mammary gland, which produces milk  for offspring.  They are endothermic, have prolonged parenting to teach young survival skills, differentiated teeth, and most have a high metabolic rate. [2]

Order: Rodentia

·         Rodents have continuously growing incisors that need to be worn down by gnawing.  They are primarily herbivores and generally small. [2]

Family: Muridae

·         Refers the Old World rats that are now dispersed around the world; they are distinguished from the Cricetidae due to the lack of cheek pouches. [1]

Genus: Rattus

·         They can be described as a common house rat that has bevel edged incisors. [1]

Species: R. norvegicus

·         It can be described as a common house hold rat that is known for being a pest. [1]

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/The_Ancestors_Tale_Mammals_Phylogenetic_Tree_in_mya.png

Copyright © 2004-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later version) 

 This is the phylogenic tree of mammals.  It shows evolutionary relationships throughout the selected mammals.  In general, organisms that share similar morphologies will have similar DNA sequences unless convergent evolution  occurs causing separate lineages of organisms to acquire similar adaptations.  According to the phylogenic tree,  Rattus norvegicus appears to more closely related to the rabbit than to the beaver.  The furthest away from being related to the rat is the duck-billed platypus.

http://www.ratbehavior.org/images/RattusPhylogeny.jpg[5]

Copy right @ 2003, 2004 All rights reserved to Anne Hanson who earned a M.S. and Ph. D in animal behavior

 

As you can see from the graph intense speciation happened around 2.7 MYA and 1.2 MYA (million years ago) and is still occurring beyond this time frame.  Speciation is where a species divides into two separate species causing more diversity along with carrying through characteristic shared between both of the species.  Two  possible causes could be linked to allopatric  and sympatric speciation.  Allopatric speciation is where there is a geographical barrier between two species of similar animals; the separation causes mutations to occur.  Natural selection can occur along with genetic drift altering allele frequencies.  The other cause is sympatric speciation which is two species of similar animals living in the same environment, but there are reproductive  barriers such as  habitat differentiation and sexual selection. [2]




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