References

Literature Cited

 

Beers. E, Brunner. J.F., Willett M.J.,and Warner G. 1993. Orchard Pest Management: A Resource Book for the Pacific Northwest.http://jenny.tfrec.wsu.edu/opm/toc.php

Harmer, S.F and A. E. Shipley. 1999. Order VIII. Thysanoptera. The Cambridge Natural History, Insects Part 2: 526-531.

Lewis, T. 1973. Thrips: their biology, ecology, and economic importance. Academic Press Inc., London and New York, New York, USA.

Net Industries. 2012. Thrips: Thysanoptera - Physical Characteristics, Habitat, Diet, Behavior And Reproduction, Thrips And People, Western Flower Thrips (frankliniella Occidentalis): Species Account - GEOGRAPHIC RANGE, CONSERVATION STATUS. http://animals.jrank.org/pages/2437/Thrips-Thysanoptera.html#ixzz1rOQdbENY.

Paini, D.R., J.E. Funderburk and S.R. Reitz. 2008. Competitive exclusion of a worldwide invasive pest by a native. Quantifying competition between two phytophagous insects on two host plant species. Journal of Animal Ecology 77:184-190.

Reitz, S. R. 2008. Comparative bionomics of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella tritici. The Florida Entomologist 99(3):474-476.

 Vries, E.J , Jacobs G, Sabelis M.W, Menken S.B.J,  and Breeuwer J.A.J. 2004. Diet−dependent effects of gut bacteria on their insect host: the symbiosis of Erwinia sp. and western flower thrips. Proceeding of the Royal Society Biological Science. http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/271/1553/2171.full.pdf

Watson, J.R. 1923. The proper name and distribution of the Florida flower thrips. The Florida Entomologist 7(1):9-11.

Pictures:

Apple, cherry, and larva pictures taken by:

Elizabeth H. Beers, PhD

Professor of Entomology

Washington State University

Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center

http://jenny.tfrec.wsu.edu/opm/gallery.php?pn=240

 

Adult thrip, damaged flower, and life cycle pictures taken by:

 

Steven Frank, Entomologist at NC State University :  http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/notes/O&T/flowers/note21/note21.html

 

Thrip picture showing wing taken by:

 

Dr. David Riley and Dr. Alton 'Stormy' Sparks from the University of Georgia, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Department of Entomology :  http://www.ent.uga.edu/veg/solanaceous/thrips.htm

 

 

 

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