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    Purina Game Management Systems. Copyright date unknown. A Complete Guide to Game Bird Management. Purina Mills, Inc, Gray Summit, Missouri, USA.

    Lovett, B. 1993. Wisconsin Hunting. Krause Publications, Inc, Iola, Wisconsin, USA.

    Line, L. 1976. The Audubon Society Book of Wild Birds. Harry N. Abrams, Inc, New York, New York, USA.

    Zemlicka, S. 2004. Mallard Ducks. Lerner Publications, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

    Williams, R. 1971. The Ways of Wildfowl. J.G. Ferguson Publishing Co., Chicago, Illinois, USA.

    Lokemoen, J., Duebbert, H., and Sharp, D. 1990. Homing and Reproductive Habits of Mallards, Gadwalls, and Blue-Winged Teal. Pages 6-26 in R. Blohm, H. Prince, and D. Raveling, editors. Wildlife Monographs. The Wildlife Society, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

    Cochrane, R. and Nicklaus, R. 1976. Crippling Effects of Lead, Steel, and Copper Shot On Experimental Mallards, and Effects of Lead and Steel Shot On Shooting of Flighted Mallards. Pages 8-29 in J. Hickey and O. Rongstad, editors. Wildlife Monographs. The Wildlife Society, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

    Sohl, T. South Dakota Birds and Birding 2009 <http://sdakotabirds.com/species/mallard_info.htm> Accessed 11 April 2009. 

    University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Animal Diversity Web 2008. <http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Anas_platyrhynchos.html> Accessed 6 April 2009.

    Cornell Lab of Ornithology, All About Birds 2003. <http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Mallard_dtl.html> Accessed 4 April 2009.

    Purina Mills, Game Bird Chow 2006 <http://www.purinamills.com/OurProducts.aspx?product=gamebird> Accessed 2 April 2009.

    Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Blood Parasites of Mallard and Pintail Ducks From Central Alberta and the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories 1997. <www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/reprint/13/3/226.pdf> Accessed 4 April 2009.

    Kross, J. Understanding Waterfowl - Waterfowl Hybrids, Ducks Unlimited 2006. <http://www.ducks.org/DU_Magazine/DUMagazineNovDec2006/2910/UnderstandingWaterfowlWaterfowlHybrids.html> Accessed 2 April 2009.

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