Interactions with Other Species
Viscum album parasitizes over 200 different species of tree and shrub. This often stunts the growth of the host plant but large infestations can actually kill the host as well. It has mutualistic relationships with pollinating insects (mostly bees) and a variety of seed-distributing birds such as the Mistle Thrush.
A variety of animals consume the leaves, shoots, and berries of
the plant, though the leaves and stems contain viscotoxins that
are deadly to many species (including humans). The typical
effects of Viscum album in humans include acute
gastrointestinal problems such as stomach pains, also diarrhea
and slow pulse. Despite
being deadly the leaves and young twigs are traditionally used
by European herbalists to treat headaches, epilepsy, paralysis,
hypertension, and debility. Research is currently being
done into the effectiveness of mistletoe lectins in inhibiting
tumor growth and immune regulation.
