References
Berra, Tim M. 2001. Freshwater field distribution. Page 405.
Academic Press. San Diego, California, USA.
Boschung Jr., Herbert T., Williams, James D.,
Gotshall, Daniel W., Caldwell, David R., Caldwell, Melba C. The
auburn society field guide to North American fishes, whales, and
dolphins. Pages 566-567. Alfred A. Knopf
Inc. New York, New York,
USA.
Copes, Fredrick A. 1986. "The
Iowa Darter: Ethostoma exile'. American Currents.
North American Native
Fishes Association. November-December
issue. USA.
Dickson, Tom. 2009. "Iowa Darter:
Etheostoma exile". Montana Outdoors" The Magazine of
Montana
Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. May-June issue. Montana, USA.
Eddy, S and J.C. Underhill. 1974. Northern
fishes. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, USA.
Fishes of Wisconsin 2011. <URL http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/wdnr_fishes/account.jsp?
species_param=1477
>. Accessed 3 April 2013.
Hocutt, C.H., and E.O. Wiley. 1986. The zoology
of North American freshwater fishes. John Wiley
and Sons Inc.,
New York, USA.
Hubbs, C.L., and K.F. Lagler. 1958.
Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Cranbook Institute of
Science, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, USA.
Phillips, G.L., W.D. Schmid, and J.C. Underhill.
1982. Fishes of the Minnesota region. University
of Minnesota
Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Winn, H. E. 1958. Observations on the
reproductive habits of darters (Pisces: Percidae). American Midland
Naturalist. 59:190-212.
Wisenden, Brian D., Chivers, Douglas P., and
Smith, Jan F. "Early warning in the predation
sequence: a disturbance pheromone in Iowa Darters (Etheostoma
exile)". Journal of
Chemical Ecology, vol. 21. 1995. Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada.