References

Discover Life In America: Great Smokey Mountains National Park All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. Columella  simplex (Gould), High-spire column snail. Retrieved from http://www.dlia.org/.

Dourson, D. and J. Dourson. 2006. Land snails of the Great Smokey Mountains (Eastern region). 21.

Hubricht, L. 1985. The distributions of the land mollusks of the eastern United States. Zoology 24:51.

Nekola, J. C. 2002. Large-scale terrestrial gastropod community composition patterns in the Great Lakes region of North America. Diversity and Distributions 9:55-71.

Nekola, J. C. 2008. Land snail ecology and biogeography of Eastern Maine.  University of Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 32.

Nekola, J. C. & Coles, B. F. 2010. Pupillid land snails of eastern North America. University of Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 36.

Nordsieck, R. 2010. The Living World of Molluscs. Whorl Snails (Vertiginidae). Retrieved from http://www.weichtiere.at/english/gastropoda/terrestrial/vertiginidae.html.

Schultes, F. W. 2006. AnimalBase. Genus Summary for Columella. Retrieved from http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/.

 

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